The increase in pressure from the age norm is correct to call an arterial hypertension.
If the pressure is often or for a long time and it is impossible to determine the reasons for this, it is diagnosed with hypertension.If a person has a disease that causes pressure (for example, traumatic brain injury, kidney disease, etc.) Then they talk about secondary arterial hypertension.However, in the collapse, the growing pressure is often called hypertension.
Hypertension is known as "a quiet killer", because it does not always have open symptoms, especially in the early stages.The growing pressure of the pressure has 20-30% of the adult population, although many are long about their diseases.If hypertension is not treated, infarction or stroke risks.The only way to learn about having a problem
measure blood pressure on a regular basis.
Blood pressure is the power with blood vessels and blood pressure against the walls of the heart.Hypertension, blood pressure and heart are extremely high, which leads to the time of the bodies, and increases the threat of other diseases, for example, kidney or brain function.
Blood pressure Mercury (MM HG) is measured in millimeters and stabilizes in two sizes:
- Systolic pressure - flows to blood pressure and blood vessels when the heart is reduced;
- Diastolic pressure - blood pressure during the rest of the heart muscle between the two cramps.
For example, your doctor says that your blood pressure is "90 to 140", it shows that your systolic pressure is 140 mm HG.The art.And diastolic pressure - 90 mm Hg.The art.
The optimal blood pressure in the adult is less than 120/80 mm HG.The art.However, there are numbers including 139/89 within the norm.According to several measurements, your pressure includes 140/90, your arterial hypertension, an additional exam is required and possible.
Symptoms of arterial hypertension (hypertension)
The increase in blood pressure is not always accompanied by a good change.The only way to learn whether your hypertension is the only way to measure blood pressure.Adults should check blood pressure at least five years.
Although not pregnant, it is important to constantly check your blood pressure.The observation of blood pressure during pregnancy reduces the risk of complications.In a pregnant woman, blood pressure can cause a prime to prime.This is a dangerous condition where the placenta (organ in the body of an unborn child) is a problem.
Sometimes high blood pressures are:
- headache;
- dark or double in the eyes;
- Bleeding from the nose;
- Dispnea.
Such signs appear in very high pressure people.If you find one of these symptoms, please contact a doctor.Without treatment, the arterial hypertension can take stroke and heart attacks, including serious diseases.If you find one of these symptoms or growing pressures, please make a meeting with a therapist.If the symptoms are expressed significantly, call the emergency.
Reasons for hypertension (arterial hypertension)
The cause of increasing blood pressure in more than 90% of the work cannot be determined.Then hypertension is called important or primitive.Factors that can increase the risk of primary hypertension include:
- Age: The risk of hypertension is growing with age;
- There were hypertension situations in your family (may be a hereditary);
- Excessive salt in your diet;
- lack of physical exercise;
- completeness;
- smoking;
- Alcohol operation;
- Stress.
Known reasons of hypertension
About 10% of high pressure cases are the result of a particular disease or certain reason.These cases are related to secondary hypertension.These are the typical reasons for the pressure in this situation:
- Kidney disease;
- Diabetes Mellitus;
- contraction of the veins that give kidneys;
- Hormonal diseases such as kushing syndrome (a disease produced by the body very steroid hormone);
- Diseases affecting the unifying tissues of the body, such as systemic lupus erythematosis;
- contraceptives (oral contraceptives);
- painkillers known as non-motly anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID);
- Club medicines such as cocaine, amphetamines and crystal methamphetamine;
- Some plant drugs, herbal supplements.
Diagnosis of hypertension
To determine the diagnosis and possible reasons for arterial hypertension, first turn the systematic measurement of blood blood pressure.This can be done using a home apparatus to measure both medical and independently.
Healthy people who have more than 40 years should measure blood pressure for at least five years.If you have a risky risk, once a year you should idealally check blood pressure.
Checking blood pressure is generally easy to carry in most clinics and hospitals.Blood pressure is generally measured by a stethoscope, a cuff, a mock, measurement device, a measuring device, a measuring device, an air injection and valve.
The cuff is stuck around the shoulder and hitting the artery to limit blood flow.Then the weather in the cuff starts slowly slowly, listens to pulse with a stethoscope.Listening to the pulse in the bottom of the roller air allows you to get reliable information about the readings of your blood pressure.In addition, it is a general (digital) tonomices, using electrical sensors, which measures pressure and pulse.
Before crossing blood pressure, you should rest for at least five minutes and unload your sac.You should not sit in and manipulate to get the right testimony of blood pressure.
If blood pressure has increased with one of the measurements, this does not necessarily mean the presence of your hypertension.Blood pressure levels can change during the day.Pressure may increase when taking a doctor due to anxiety and stress.In these cases, it is recommended to measure pressure throughout the day using a home tonometer.You can get more objective indicators, except for the "fear of the white robe".
For example, kidney diseases can also receive blood and urine tests to test the presence of high blood pressure.
To decipher the tonomet readings
Blood pressure is stabilized in Mercury Mercury's millimeter (MM Rt.) And in two series:
- Systolic pressure - flows to blood pressure and blood vessels when the heart is reduced;
- Diastolic pressure - blood pressure during the rest of the heart muscle between the two cramps.
For example, when your systolic blood pressure is 140 mm hg.Art.And diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm HG.Art., Then you say that your pressure is 90 to 140.
Ideally, blood pressure should be less than 120/80.However, signs under 140/90 are usually considered normal.If there is a disease of kidneys, diabetes or heart disease and blood circulation system, target blood pressure should be below 130/80 mm HG.The art.
If pressure indicators are higher than 140/90 marks for several days - there is an arterial hypertension and additional examination required.
High blood pressure treatment
Effective measures to reduce blood pressure are in the change of lifestyle and drugs.The choice of treatment will depend on the risk of blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular diseases.
If your blood pressure is slightly higher than 130/80 mm HG.Art.At the same time, in the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in low vascular diseases, then you should only have certain changes in your lifestyle and reduce the pressure.
If your blood pressure is moderately high (140/90/90 mm HG (140/90/90 mm) and in the next 10 years, you will have the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, then treatment will enter and regulate your lifestyle.
If your blood pressure is very high (180/110 mm hg or higher), then you need treatment with an additional examination depending on the condition of your health in the near future.
Lifestyle with arterial hypertension
Some changes you can give to your lifestyle to reduce the pressures.Some will cause rapid development in a few weeks, while others will affect a longer term.
- Reduce salt consumption less than 6 grams per day.
- Eat a healthy, low-level, balanced meal in, including many fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Be active: The protection of physical activity is one of the main things you should do to prevent or manage hypertension.
- Reduce alcohol consumption.
- Give up smoking.Smoking significantly increases the likelihood of developing lungs and heart disease.
- To lose weight.
- Drink coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks like cola.The use of four glasses of coffee per day can increase your blood pressure.
- Try to use recreation techniques such as yoga, meditation and stress management (autogenic training).
The more healthy habits will receive, it will have a more positive effect.In practice, some people see a healthy lifestyle generally seeing it should be taken.
Hypertension drug treatment
There is a wide selection of drugs that lower the pressures.You may need to take more than one type of drugs because sometimes hypertension treatment needs a combination of several drugs.
In some cases, you will need to get pressure on pressure in your life.However, if your blood pressure level is controlled for several years, you will have the opportunity to stop drug treatment.The highest tesifir medications may cause side effects, but this problem can be solved by changing the drugs received.
If you have any of the following common side effects of drugs please inform your doctor:
- the feeling of drowsiness;
- kidney pain (at the bottom of the waist);
- Dry cough;
- dizziness, exhaustion or lethargia;
- Raw on the skin.
Below are the most commonly used medications for high pressure.
Angiotensin-reproductive enzymes (APF) inhibitorsReduce blood pressure by relaxing the walls of blood vessels.The most common side effect is a constant dry cough.If the side effects begin to worry, medications such as Angiotensin-2 receptor antagonists can recommend you something similar to the action of ACE inhibitors.
Ace inhibitors can lead to unexpected side effects, including -krounter, medications, including with the other.Before taking additional medication, consult a doctor, if the combination of negative side effects, please consult a doctor if the combination of negative side effects.
Calcium channel blockers(Calcium antagonists) hinder the cells of the muscle tissue of the heart and blood vessels of calcium.This is expanding your arteries (large blood vessels) and reduce blood pressure.
When using calcium canal blockers, which is certain types of grapefruit water, can increase the risk of side effects.You can discuss this issue with your doctor in more detail.
Diuretic(Diuritycs) move from the body because of excess liquid and excretion of salt.
Beta Blocks (Beta-Blocks)They move by reducing the frequency and strength of heart contractions, thus reduce blood pressure.Previously beta blockers were a popular drug for high blood pressure, but now they are generally used when not only the required effect of other means.This is to consider beta-blockers more effective than other types of drugs for increasing pressure.
Beta blockers can cause other medications, side effects.Consult your doctor before accepting other drugs with beta-blockers.
Do not stop taking beta blockers without consulting your doctor.This can cause serious side effects in the increase in blood pressure or angina pector.
Alpha Blockers (Alpha-Blocks)It is usually not recommended as the first choice of medication to reduce high blood pressure, except when other medicines are not the right effect.Alpha Blockers simplify blood flow inside, by moving your blood vessels.
General side effects of alpha blockers include:
- Dont lose in the first leadership of the drug (first dose effects);
- dizziness;
- headache;
- swelling of the ankles;
- fatigue.
Hypertension's complication
The growing blood pressure applies an additional burden to your heart and blood vessels.If hypertension is not treated, the risk of developing heart attack, stroke and kidney diseases is growing.
Cardiovascular diseases for hypertension
Hypertension is the heart and blood vessels and blood vessels to many different diseases and hearts (cardiovascular diseases), including:
- stroke;
- myocardial infarktion;
- Embolia: A blood clot or a bubble occurs when a bump in a bump;
- AneurySM: When the blood vessel stretches the wall and can explode at any time, it causes internal bleeding.
Kidney diseases and increased pressure
Hypertension can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys and broke their functions.This complication can cause symptoms as follows:
- fatigue;
- ankle, legs or hands (due to the water delay of the body);
- Dispnea;
- blood existence in urine;
- Often urine, especially at night;
- Skin itching.
Kidney diseases are treated with drugs and food supplements.More serious cases require dialysis (artificially cleansed treatment procedure from poisoning metabolism products in the blood) or kidney transplantation.
Prevention of increased pressure
The development of hypertension can be prevented from a healthy diet, which prevents a healthy diet, normal weight, regular physical exercise, alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption and cigarettes.
Smoking does not show high blood pressure, but significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.Smoking, like high blood pressure, causes contraction of the veins.If you smoke with the participation of hypertension, your arteries will shrink faster and the risks of developing heart and lung diseases will increase significantly.
Power supply in high pressure
Reduce the amount of salt in your diet, eat many fruits and vegetables.Increases salt pressure.How high is your pressure if you consume how much salt.Try to eat 6 g salt a day with about a teaspoon equal.
As proven, the use of food containing low-fat and high fiber content (for example, all grain rice, bread and pasta) and a large amount of fruits and vegetables help reduce blood pressure.Fruits and vegetables are rich in ceilings and fibers that support your vitamins, minerals and fibers in a healthy situation.Try to eat five portions of 80g of fruits and vegetables every day.
Drinking a permanent alcohol is higher than permitted norms and will increase the increase in blood pressure.It is not recommended to use more than 2-4 of alcohol and women from 2-3 per day to men.Regular use is the most days of each day or week.1 part of the alcohol is approximately a glass of vodka, half glass wine or half a kilo of beer.
Also, since alcohol is highly calorie, it takes its regular use, weight loss and therefore to increase your blood pressure.
If you drink more than four cups per day, this can cause this pressure to increase.If you have a large fan of coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks (eg Coca-Cola and some energy drinks), consider the likelihood of reducing consumption.It is very good when you drink tea and coffee as part of a balanced diet, but such drinks are important not only to have a liquid source.
Weight and physical exercises for hypertension
Excessive weight generally makes the heart to work more intensively to shed blood through the whole body, which causes an increase in blood pressure.It is important to remember that if you really need to lose a lot of overweight, even two or three kilograms of weight loss in the readings of your blood pressure and improve your health in general.
Active lifestyle and regular exercise cause blood pressure to reduce blood pressure by maintaining heart and blood vessels in good condition.Regular exercise helps to lose weight, which helps reduce blood pressure.
Each week of adult should be spent at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) in moderate open intensity exercises such as bicycling or walking rapidly.When you do trainings, you need to focus on what you need warmed and somewhat to breathe.Absolutely a person, to reach this situation, can have a little enough thing on the hill.There may include various exercises to walk from physical activity, sport and work in the garden.
Recreation exercises can reduce blood pressure.These include:
- Stress management (autogenous training), meditation or yoga.
- Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy that your thoughts and beliefs can affect the ability to affect your well-being and to cope with problems.You can discuss the opportunity to go through such psychotherapy with your doctor.
- Biological opinion (Self-government method used to help you in conscious regulation of blood pressure): You will show your heart beat or blood pressure in a small monitor in real time.An application for biological feedback can be implemented by your doctor.
Which doctor to contact hypertension?
Find a good therapist that is increasing the pressure, the causes of the disease and determine the treatment.If you have heart complaints or have chronic cardiovascular diseases, choose a cardiologist.