Hypertension refers to a number of diseases related to the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it expressed? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is expressed by regular high blood pressure in people (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and above). Disease is a common problem of mankind.
Causes of hypertension
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops over a long period of time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions for which hypertension manifests itself are completely versatile:
- residences;
- stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- pathology of development;
- diabetes;
- high cholesterol.
Also, the cause of hypertension is genetic predisposition. Causes of hypertension in women are difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
Symptoms of pathology
Very often, the first signs of hypertension are not suspected, because they are the result of ordinary fatigue and overwork. However, if you feel the regular manifestation of symptoms and constantly rise when measuring the pressure, you should definitely consult a doctor. Symptoms of hypertension in the initial stage:
- headache (develops in the occipital region and covers the head), can occur at any time of the day, aggravated by bending or sudden movements;
- pain, experience and stress in the heart region;
- ringing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- a feeling of anxiety;
- sensation of pulsation in the head;
- too much work.
As the disease progresses, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, hypertensive patients manifest themselves with excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands, memory impairment.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation in a patient with hypertension. Exacerbation is characterized by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or stopping medication.
During an exacerbation, hypertensive patients experience the following conditions:
- a feeling of nausea (vomiting may begin);
- sharp darkening of the eyes;
- shortness of breath;
- severe pain in the head and chest;
- redness of the face.
Diagnostics
| Basic diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt, a cuff is placed on the shoulder. After certain time intervals, the cuff is inflated and the portable device will adjust the pressure. Blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes during the day, and every 30 minutes at night. |
| Blood and urine test | The analysis can determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine, glucose, and indicate the level of cholesterol. |
| Instrumental diagnostics of the heart |
|
| Eye examination | An ophthalmologist performs an eye examination. At the initial stage of the disease, the retinal veins expand, and the vessels narrow. |
| Ultrasound of kidneys and adrenal glands | With an increase in pressure, nephrons, which filter blood in the kidneys, die. This can result in kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys reveals: tumors in the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissue. |
Treatment of pathology
During treatment, patients should lead a quiet lifestyle without stress or emotional overload. Patients should spend more time outdoors, it is best to take long walks in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is important to follow a diet, because proper nutrition is the key to the successful treatment of arterial hypertension.
Medical
Treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of cardiovascular complications and prevent death.
The goal of drug therapy is to reduce blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of the treatment of hypertension, mono and combined therapy are suitable. When ineffective, I use a combination of low-dose antihypertensive drugs.
Drug treatment for hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after studying the results of the diagnosis. If hypertension occurs, therapy is carried out with drugs such as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed to patients with cardiovascular problems. These are the best means of preventing heart complications, but not the best.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but can be used for a long time, because the drug is addictive (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists cause a long-term effect. These drugs gradually normalize blood pressure.
- Reception of calcium blockers together with diuretics. These drugs prevent the absorption of calcium by the blood vessels, resulting in dilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
Folk treatment
- It's a beet. Beetroot juice should be consumed 3 times in 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Black chokeberry. To be treated with this method, you need to drink juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then the reception is interrupted for a week, after which the treatment continues.
- garlic. You need to chop 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons in a meat grinder. Gruel 1, 25 liters is poured. boiling water, brewed for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml 30 minutes before meals and before going to bed (3 weeks).
- Cranberries and honey. Mix half a cup of cranberry juice and half a cup of honey. Reception is carried out 3 times a day, 1 teaspoon for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal plants are used as non-drug treatment of hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort, calendula clover. Decoctions of these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
Diet for hypertension
Treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet plays an important role in hypertension. Therefore, there are dietary recommendations. Limit salty, fried and fatty foods. Fat, beef, mayonnaise, sour cream should be removed from the diet. You should choose vegetable oils instead of animal oils. Simpler foods are recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oatmeal). Diet and choosing the right foods will help lower cholesterol, which in turn will lower blood pressure, as well as reduce the harmful effects of sodium on health.
If arterial hypertension appears and is detected, the basic rule is simple - you should consult a doctor, because a hypertensive person should be treated under his supervision.
What is dangerous?
It causes a disturbance of the central nervous system:
- Headache;
- reduced working capacity;
- hit
It causes disorders in internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is uneven distribution of blood in the body.
- Cardiac ischemia. With a significant load, the heart begins to grow like a muscle, and the vessels do not develop, oxygen supply is disturbed, if the work force does not change, overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small ones).
- Violation of sexual function (in men, this occurs due to a continuous blood supply to the penis, which can cause blockage of the vessels that feed it).
Hypertension causes a number of additional deviations. Developing and progressive hypertension causes serious consequences that complicate the treatment of the pathology. With arterial hypertension, the risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly. The more hypertension develops, the more severe the deviation.